It is common to hear references of the famed Seven Hills of Rome throughout the city’s history because they are so intertwined with Rome’s foundation, the original delineation of the city limits and its consolidation of power over time. Nowadays the hills more closely resemble land ridges than proper mounts because constructions and developments over the centuries have made some of them difficult to identify.

How to identify them by their symbols on buildings and a short history of each pope ... plus an exploration of symbols, shields and madonella around Rome.